Moderate Respiratory
Kennel Cough Complex (Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis)
Onset: Any age; highest risk in puppies, senior dogs, and immunocompromised dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Skin Allergies
Onset: Commonly starts between 1-3 years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tear (CCL/ACL)
Onset: Typically 4-8 years; can occur earlier in large breeds
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Onset: Can occur at any age, with recurrence risk rising in middle-aged and senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Respiratory
Reverse Sneezing
Onset: Any age; more noticeable in brachycephalic breeds
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Skin Cancer
Onset: More common after 7 years
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis)
Onset: Most common in puppies and young dogs; any unvaccinated or immunocompromised dog at risk
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Hot Spots (Acute Moist Dermatitis)
Onset: Any age; peak incidence in warm, humid months
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis)
Onset: Any age; more common in puppies and immunocompromised dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Joint Supplements
Onset: Most relevant in middle-aged and senior dogs, and high-load working breeds
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Anxiety
Onset: Can start at any age, often young adult
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Mange (Demodectic & Sarcoptic)
Onset: Demodectic: typically puppies 3-18 months; Sarcoptic: any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Arthritis
Onset: Most common after 6 years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Anal Gland Disease
Onset: Can occur at any age; obesity and small body size are the most significant risk factors
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Heartworm Disease
Onset: Can occur at any age without prevention, with cumulative risk over seasons of mosquito exposure
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Anal Sac Impaction
Onset: Any age; more common in small and medium breeds
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Salmon Poisoning Disease
Onset: Any age, geographic (Pacific Northwest)
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Lyme Disease
Onset: Any age after tick exposure, with signs often emerging weeks to months later
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Cherry Eye (Third Eyelid Gland Prolapse)
Onset: Most common in dogs under 2 years of age; brachycephalic breeds are at highest risk
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Hip Dysplasia
Onset: Can appear in puppies, often worsens with age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Urinary Incontinence
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to senior spayed females; can occur at any age with anatomical causes
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Cancer
Onset: Risk increases in middle-aged and senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Conjunctivitis
Onset: Any age; more frequent in brachycephalic breeds
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Atopic Dermatitis
Onset: Most often begins between 6 months and 3 years, with flare cycles over life
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Nasal Hyperkeratosis (Dry Nose)
Onset: Idiopathic: typically middle-aged to senior; breed-related: any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Canine Influenza
Onset: Any age; puppies, elderly dogs, and brachycephalic breeds are at higher risk for severe disease
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
Onset: Often first recognized in early adult to senior years, depending on type
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Corneal Ulcer
Onset: Can occur at any age; brachycephalic breeds at elevated risk due to exophthalmos; older dogs at increased risk for indolent ulcers
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Food Allergy
Onset: Can begin at any age, often with chronic non-seasonal itch and recurrent ear or GI flares
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Hypothermia
Onset: Any age; highest risk in puppies, senior dogs, and toy/small breeds
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Colitis
Onset: Any age; stress-related colitis common in young to middle-aged dogs
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Ehrlichiosis
Onset: Can occur at any age; German Shepherds may have breed-specific susceptibility to severe chronic forms
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Luxating Patella
Onset: Often first noticed in young to middle-aged dogs
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Obesity & Metabolic
Obesity
Onset: Can occur at any age, most often from young adulthood onward
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Congestive Heart Failure
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to senior dogs with underlying heart disease
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Leptospirosis
Onset: Any age; working dogs, hunting dogs, and dogs with wildlife or water exposure are highest risk
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Mammary Tumors
Onset: Most commonly diagnosed in intact females between 7 and 12 years of age; rare before 4 years
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Seborrhea
Onset: Primary: before 2 years; Secondary: any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Entropion
Onset: Often present from puppyhood; may worsen during adolescent growth or develop secondary to other eye disease
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Pyometra
Onset: Most common in intact middle-aged to senior females
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Cataracts
Onset: Can be inherited, diabetic-associated, or age-related
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Fungal Infections (Systemic)
Onset: Can occur at any age; young to middle-aged dogs (2-4 years) are commonly affected in endemic regions
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Hemangiosarcoma
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Perianal Fistula
Onset: Most often diagnosed in middle-aged dogs with chronic perianal inflammation and painful defecation
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Seizures & Epilepsy
Onset: Idiopathic epilepsy often appears in young to middle-aged adults
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Cognitive Decline
Onset: Most common in senior dogs, especially after age 9
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Ear Hematoma (Aural Hematoma)
Onset: Any age; more common in dogs with chronic ear disease
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Lymphoma
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Tick Paralysis
Onset: Can affect any dog at any age; young dogs and smaller dogs may develop more severe signs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Tracheal Collapse
Onset: Most common in middle-aged and senior small-breed dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Onset: Most often identified in middle-aged to senior large and giant breeds, but screening starts earlier in predisposed lines
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)
Onset: Often recognized in young-adult to middle-aged dogs after progressive digestive signs and weight loss
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Glaucoma
Onset: Can occur at multiple ages; risk rises with breed predisposition and age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Heart Disease
Onset: Risk increases in middle-aged and senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Mitral Valve Disease
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Pancreatitis
Onset: Most common in middle-aged and senior dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Acute Gastritis
Onset: Any age; most common in young to middle-aged dogs
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Cruciate Ligament Disease
Onset: Most common in middle-aged and senior dogs
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Kidney Disease
Onset: Most common in middle-aged and senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Mast Cell Tumor
Onset: More common in middle-aged to senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia
Onset: Age-related sarcopenia accelerates after age 7-8 in most breeds; secondary muscle wasting can occur at any age with illness or immobility
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Diabetes
Onset: Most common in middle-aged and senior dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Gastric Ulcers
Onset: Any age; often associated with specific medications, stress, or underlying disease rather than breed alone
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Vestibular Disease
Onset: Often sudden in older dogs, but can occur at multiple ages
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Von Willebrand Disease
Onset: Inherited from birth but often recognized during surgery, trauma, or unexpected bleeding events
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Elbow Dysplasia
Onset: Often begins during growth with clinical progression from adolescence into adulthood
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Neurological & Cognitive
Exercise-Induced Collapse
Onset: Typically first identified in dogs 5 months to 3 years old during strenuous exercise; underlying mutation is present from birth
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Hypothyroidism
Onset: Most often diagnosed in middle-aged dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Osteochondrosis Dissecans
Onset: Most commonly 4-8 months of age; signs typically appear during the rapid growth phase in large breeds
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Osteosarcoma
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to senior large and giant breeds
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Prostatic Disease
Onset: Benign prostatic hyperplasia begins in intact males from 5 years of age; prostatitis and carcinoma typically affect dogs 7 years and older
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Cushing's Disease
Onset: Most common in middle-aged and senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Dental Disease
Onset: Can begin early, worsens with age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Laryngeal Paralysis
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Liver Disease
Onset: Can occur at any age; chronic forms are more common in middle-aged and senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Wobbler Syndrome
Onset: Often recognized in young to middle-aged large and giant breeds, with variable progression speed
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Bloat (GDV)
Onset: Most common in adult and senior deep-chested dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
Onset: Typically 2-8 months of age during rapid growth phase; most commonly at 3-4 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Onset: Can occur at multiple ages, often in young to middle-aged adults, with recurrence risk over time
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Chronic Enteropathy)
Onset: Most common in young to middle-aged adults, but can occur at any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
Onset: Often recognized from young-adult to middle age, depending on PRA subtype and breed lineage
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Sebaceous Adenitis
Onset: Typically appears between 1 and 5 years of age in predisposed breeds
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Degenerative Myelopathy
Onset: Usually appears in senior dogs, most often after age 8
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Hormonal Alopecia
Onset: Typically middle-aged to older dogs; some patterns emerge in sexually intact dogs at any adult age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis
Onset: Most commonly young to middle-aged adults (1-6 years); certain erosive forms affect specific breeds at younger ages
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Megaesophagus
Onset: Can appear in puppyhood (congenital) or later adulthood (acquired)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Nasal Aspergillosis
Onset: Typically diagnosed in young to middle-aged dogs, often 1-7 years of age; rare in very young or geriatric dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Portosystemic Shunt
Onset: Most congenital cases are identified in puppyhood or young adulthood
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Bladder Stones & Urinary Disease
Onset: Can occur at any age, but most common in adult and senior dogs
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Ear Infections
Onset: Any age, often recurrent in allergy-prone and floppy-eared dogs
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Eye Conditions
Onset: Varies by condition, breed, and underlying disease
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Aortic Stenosis
Onset: Congenital lesion present early; clinical burden may emerge from puppyhood through young adulthood
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Brachycephalic Syndrome
Onset: Often apparent in young adulthood, but signs may worsen with age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Chronic Bronchitis
Onset: Most common in middle-aged and senior small-breed dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Cancer
Cutaneous Histiocytoma
Onset: Most common in dogs under 3 years of age; uncommon in dogs over 6 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Onset: Typically diagnosed in young to middle-aged adults, often between 2 and 7 years of age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Protein-Losing Enteropathy
Onset: Typically identified in adulthood, with progression risk when chronic GI signs are under-monitored
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Spinal Disorders
Onset: Can occur at any age depending on disorder type
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Addison's Disease
Onset: Often diagnosed in young to middle-aged adults, but can occur at any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Biliary Mucocele
Onset: Most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to senior dogs, typically 6 years and older
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Masticatory Muscle Myositis
Onset: Most commonly diagnosed in dogs 3-8 years of age, though it can occur at any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Pericardial Effusion
Onset: Most common in middle-aged to older large and giant breed dogs; idiopathic type more common in large breeds
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Copper-Associated Hepatopathy
Onset: Typically diagnosed in middle-aged to senior dogs (5-10 years), though copper accumulation begins earlier in predisposed breeds
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Atlantoaxial Instability
Onset: Most commonly diagnosed in dogs under 2 years of age; adult-onset cases occur secondary to trauma
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis (SRMA)
Onset: Most commonly affects young adult dogs, typically 6-18 months; a second peak occurs in middle age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Acanthosis Nigricans
Onset: Typically 1+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Acetaminophen Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Acquired Portosystemic Shunt
Onset: Typically with liver disease
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Acral Lick Dermatitis
Onset: Typically 3+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Kidney & Urinary
Acute Kidney Injury
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Acute Liver Failure
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Acute Pancreatitis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Endocrine
Adrenal Insufficiency
Onset: Typically 4-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Adrenal Tumors
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Advanced Tracheal Collapse
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Behavioral
Aggression
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Alcohol Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Allergic Reaction and Anaphylaxis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Alopecia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Endocrine
Alopecia X
Onset: Typically 2-5 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Anal Gland Infection
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma
Onset: Typically 9-11 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Anal Sacculitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Anaplasmosis
Onset: Can occur at any age; dogs in tick-endemic regions face year-round risk regardless of breed or life stage
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Anemia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Angular Limb Deformity
Onset: During growth (3-8 months)
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Anterior Uveitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Antifreeze Poisoning
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Aortic Aneurysm
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Aortic Regurgitation
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Aortopulmonary Window
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Apocrine Gland Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Onset: Typically 5-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Aspiration Pneumonia
Onset: any age, higher risk in seniors
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Asteroid Hyalosis
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Atrial Fibrillation
Onset: Can occur at any age; most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to older giant and large breed dogs, though lone AF in Irish Wolfhounds may appear earlier
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Atrial Septal Defect
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Atrial Standstill
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Atrioventricular Valve Dysplasia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Aural Hematoma
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Onset: Typically 4-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Onset: Typically 2-5 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Onset: Typically 4-11 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Babesiosis
Onset: Can occur at any age; young dogs and immunocompromised individuals may develop more severe disease
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Bacterial Endocarditis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
Balanoposthitis
Onset: Any age, intact males
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Biceps Tendinopathy
Onset: Typically 4+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Bite Wounds
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Bladder Cancer
Onset: Typically 9-11 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Bladder Polyps
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Kidney & Urinary
Bladder Rupture
Onset: Any age (trauma)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Blastomycosis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Blastomycosis
Onset: Most commonly diagnosed in young to middle-aged dogs (2-4 years), though any age can be affected; large sporting breeds are overrepresented
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Bloat and GDV
Onset: Any age, large/giant breeds
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Blood Clotting Disorders
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Bone Cysts
Onset: Typically under 2 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Boxer Arrhythmia (ARVC)
Onset: Typically 5-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome
Onset: Congenital
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Brain Abscess
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Brain Tumors
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Breed-Specific Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Brucellosis
Onset: Any age, breeding dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Bundle Branch Block
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Burns
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Obesity & Metabolic
Cachexia
Onset: Any age with chronic disease
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Calcinosis Cutis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Callus Dermatitis
Onset: Typically 3+ years
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Canine Atopy
Onset: Typically 1-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Canine Dental Caries (Cavities)
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Canine Distemper
Onset: Any age, especially puppies
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Canine Herpesvirus
Onset: Neonatal puppies
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Canine Metabolic Syndrome
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Obesity & Metabolic
Canine Obesity
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Canine Papillomavirus
Onset: Typically under 2 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Respiratory
Canine Parainfluenza
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Canine Parvovirus (Immune Response)
Onset: Primarily puppies
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Arrest
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Cachexia
Onset: Typically late-stage heart disease
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Contusion
Onset: Any age (trauma)
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Fibrosis
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Cardiac Hemangiosarcoma
Onset: Typically 8-12 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Lymphoma
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Syncope
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Tamponade
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiac Tumors
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Carpal Hyperextension
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Caval Syndrome
Onset: Any age with heartworm
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Cecal Inversion
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Central Blindness
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Cerebellar Abiotrophy
Onset: Typically 6 weeks-6 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Ceruminous Gland Adenocarcinoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Cervical Disc Disease
Onset: Typically 3-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Chemodectoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Chiari-like Malformation
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Chocolate Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Chondrosarcoma
Onset: Typically 6-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Chordae Tendineae Rupture
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Chronic Colitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Chronic Diarrhea
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Chronic Gastric Foreign Body
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Chronic Hepatitis
Onset: Typically diagnosed between 4-7 years, though onset can be earlier in breeds with copper storage disorders
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Chronic Hepatitis
Onset: Typically 4-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Chronic Kidney Disease
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Chronic Kidney Disease Staging
Onset: typically 7+ years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Chronic Nasal Discharge
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Chronic Pancreatitis
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Chronic Superficial Keratitis
Onset: Typically 3-5 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Chylothorax
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Coccidiosis
Onset: Primarily puppies
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Behavioral
Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Cold Agglutinin Disease
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Collapsing Trachea
Onset: Typically 4+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Collie Eye Anomaly
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Color Dilution Alopecia
Onset: Typically 6 months-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Compulsive Disorder
Onset: Typically 1-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Congenital Portosystemic Shunt
Onset: Typically under 2 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Congestive Cardiomyopathy
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Constipation
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Contact Dermatitis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Copper Storage Disease
Onset: Bedlington Terriers may show signs as young as 2-6 years; other breeds typically 4-8 years depending on accumulation rate
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Copper Storage Hepatopathy
Onset: Typically 2-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Cor Pulmonale
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Cor Triatriatum
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Corneal Dystrophy
Onset: Typically 4+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Corneal Foreign Body
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Coronary Artery Disease
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Endocrine
Cortisol Deficiency
Onset: Typically 4-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Cranial Cruciate Disease
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Onset: typically 4-8 years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Craniomandibular Osteopathy
Onset: Typically 3-8 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Cryptococcosis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Cryptorchidism
Onset: Congenital
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Cutaneous Drug Reaction
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Cutaneous Horn
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Cutaneous Lymphoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Cutaneous Mast Cell Disease
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Cutaneous Vasculitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Cystitis
Onset: Any age, females more common
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Dacryocystitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Deep Pyoderma
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis
Onset: Typically develops in middle-aged to senior dogs (5-9 years), with progressive worsening
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Degenerative Valve Disease
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Demodectic Mange
Onset: Typically under 18 months or immunocompromised
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
Dental Cleaning Under Anesthesia
Onset: Annually for many breeds
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Dentigerous Cyst
Onset: Typically 1-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Dermoid Sinus
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
Dewclaw Injury
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Diabetes Complications
Onset: After diabetes diagnosis
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Diabetes Insipidus
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Endocrine
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Onset: Any age with diabetes
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Onset: Any age (trauma) or congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Digital Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Dirofilariasis (Heartworm Disease)
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Distemper Encephalitis
Onset: Any age, unvaccinated
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Distichiasis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Doberman Hepatitis
Onset: Typically 4-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Drowning and Near-Drowning
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Drug Hypersensitivity
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Dry Eye (KCS)
Onset: Typically 4+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Dystocia
Onset: During whelping
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Ear Foreign Body
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Ectopic Ureter
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Ectropion
Onset: Typically present from birth or becomes apparent during the first year; may worsen with age as facial skin loosens
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Eisenmenger Syndrome
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Electrocution
Onset: Typically puppies
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Elongated Soft Palate
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Enamel Fracture
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Enamel Hypoplasia
Onset: Juvenile (during tooth development)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Endocardiosis
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Endocarditis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Eye
Endophthalmitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Eosinophilic Bronchopneumopathy
Onset: Typically 2-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Epilepsy
Onset: Typically 1-5 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Epiphora (Excessive Tearing)
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Epulis
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Esophageal Foreign Body
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Esophageal Stricture
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Esophagitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Endocrine
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Evans Syndrome
Onset: Typically 4-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Everted Laryngeal Saccules
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Behavioral
Excessive Barking
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Exercise Intolerance (Cardiac)
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Exercise-Induced Respiratory Distress
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Onset: Typically 1-5 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Exocrine Pancreatic Neoplasia
Onset: typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Eye
Eye Proptosis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Eyelid Tumors
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Neurological & Cognitive
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
False Pregnancy
Onset: 6-12 weeks after heat
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Fanconi Syndrome
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Fear Reactivity
Onset: Typically 6 months-2 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Fibrocartilaginous Embolism
Onset: Typically 3-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Fibrosarcoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Fibrotic Myopathy
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Fishhook Ingestion
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Neurological & Cognitive
Fly-Catching Syndrome
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Follicular Dysplasia
Onset: Typically 1-4 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Food Allergy Dermatitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Food Protein Enteropathy
Onset: Typically 4-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Foreign Body Ingestion
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Fractures
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Fragmented Coronoid Process
Onset: Signs typically appear between 5-12 months of age during the rapid growth phase in large and giant breeds
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Frostbite
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Functional Thyroid Tumor
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Fungal Pneumonia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Gallbladder Mucocele
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Gastric Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Gastric Dilatation
Onset: Any age, large breeds
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Gastric Foreign Body
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Gastric Ulcers
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Gastritis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Gastroenteritis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Gastroparesis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Generalized Mange
Onset: Typically under 18 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis Polyneuropathy
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Giardia
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Gingival Hyperplasia
Onset: typically 2+ years
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Glomerulonephritis
Onset: Typically 5-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Gonadal Disorders
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Grape and Raisin Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Onset: Juvenile or adult
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Growth Plate Injuries
Onset: During growth (2-12 months)
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Heart Block
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Heart Murmurs
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Heartworm Prevention Protocols
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Heat Stroke
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Digestive
Helicobacter Infection
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Cancer
Hemangiopericytoma
Onset: Typically 7-10 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Hemophilia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis (AHDS)
Onset: Typically 2-4 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Hepatic Abscess
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Onset: Young dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts may show signs before 1 year; acquired forms develop secondary to chronic liver disease at any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Hepatic Fibrosis
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Hepatic Lipidosis
Onset: any age, higher risk with obesity
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Skin & Allergies
Hepatocutaneous Syndrome
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Hepatozoonosis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
High Output Heart Failure
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Hip Luxation
Onset: Any age (trauma)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Histiocytic Sarcoma
Onset: Typically 6-9 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Histiocytomas
Onset: Typically under 3 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Histoplasmosis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Neurological & Cognitive
Horner Syndrome
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Behavioral
House Soiling
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Hydrocephalus
Onset: Congenital or any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Hydronephrosis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Hyperaldosteronism
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Hyperandrogenism
Onset: Any age, intact males
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Hypercalcemia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Hyperestrinism
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Hyperlipidemia
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Hyperparathyroidism
Onset: Primary form typically diagnosed in dogs over 7 years; secondary forms can occur at any age depending on underlying cause
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Hyperphosphatemia
Onset: Typically with kidney disease
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Hyperthyroidism
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Hypertrophic Osteopathy
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Hyphema
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Endocrine
Hypoglycemia
Onset: Any age, especially puppies
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Hypomagnesemia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Hypoparathyroidism
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Hypothyroid Skin Disease
Onset: Typically 4-10 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Hypoxic Brain Injury
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Iatrogenic Cushings Disease
Onset: Any age on steroids
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Ichthyosis
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Neurological & Cognitive
Idiopathic Head Tremor
Onset: Typically 1-5 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Idiopathic Laryngeal Paralysis
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Idiopathic Pericardial Effusion
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Iliopsoas Strain
Onset: Any age, athletic dogs
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Immune Complex Disease
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Immune-Mediated Meningitis
Onset: Typically 6 months-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Immune-Mediated Neutropenia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
Onset: typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Incisional Hernia
Onset: Post-surgical
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Indolent Corneal Ulcer
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Infective Endocarditis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Inherited Retinal Disease (PRA)
Onset: Variable by breed
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Insect Stings
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Insulinoma
Onset: Typically 8-12 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Insulinoma Clinical Management
Onset: Typically 8-12 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Interdigital Cysts
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Interdog Aggression
Onset: Typically 1-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Intervertebral Disc Disease
Onset: Typically 3-7 years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Intestinal Adenocarcinoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Intestinal Intussusception
Onset: Any age, usually young dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Intestinal Lymphoma
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Intestinal Parasites
Onset: Any age, especially puppies
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Intraocular Melanoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Iris Melanosis
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Iron Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Ivermectin Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Jaw Fracture
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Joint Effusion
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Junctional Rhythm
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Juvenile Cellulitis (Puppy Strangles)
Onset: Typically 3 weeks-4 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Keratoconjunctivitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Laceration and Wound Care
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Large Bowel Diarrhea
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Lead Poisoning
Onset: Any age, puppies most common
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Behavioral
Leash Reactivity
Onset: Typically 6 months-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Left-Sided Heart Failure
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Onset: Typically 4-12 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Leiomyosarcoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Leishmaniasis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Lens Luxation
Onset: Typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Leukemia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Endocrine
Leydig Cell Tumor
Onset: Typically 9+ years, intact males
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Lily Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Limb Contracture
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Lipomas
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Liposarcoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Lumbosacral Stenosis
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Lung Cancer
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Lung Lobe Torsion
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Lyme Disease (Borreliosis)
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Obesity & Metabolic
Malnutrition
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Malocclusion
Onset: Juvenile
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Mammary Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years, intact females
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
Mammary Hyperplasia
Onset: After heat or pregnancy
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Marijuana Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Mastitis
Onset: During/after lactation
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Mature Cataract
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
MDR1 Drug Sensitivity
Onset: Genetic condition present from birth; clinical reactions occur upon exposure to problem drugs at any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Medial Shoulder Instability
Onset: Typically 3-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Medullary Washout
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Melanoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Meningioma
Onset: Typically diagnosed in dogs over 7 years, with peak incidence between 9-14 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Meningitis
Onset: Typically 6 months-3 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin (MUO)
Onset: Typically 1-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Meningomyelitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Mesenteric Volvulus
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Mesothelioma
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Obesity & Metabolic
Metabolic Bone Disease
Onset: Growing puppies
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Microphthalmia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Endocrine
Mineralocorticoid Deficiency
Onset: Typically 4-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Mitral Regurgitation
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Multiple Myeloma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Joint & Musculoskeletal
Muscle Contusion
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Muscular Dystrophy
Onset: Typically 8-10 weeks
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Mushroom Poisoning
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Myasthenia Gravis
Onset: bimodal: 1-4 years or 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Myiasis (Fly Strike)
Onset: Summer months
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Myocarditis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Myositis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Neurological & Cognitive
Narcolepsy
Onset: Typically under 6 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Nasal Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 9-11 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Nasal Dermatoses
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Nasal Foreign Body
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Nasal Lymphoma
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Nasal Parakeratosis
Onset: Typically 6 months-1 year
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Nasopharyngeal Polyp
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Neonatal Encephalopathy
Onset: Birth to 4 weeks
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Nephrotic Syndrome
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
Neuter Timing and Considerations
Onset: Variable
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Nictitans Gland Prolapse (Cherry Eye)
Onset: Typically under 2 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Noise Phobia
Onset: Any age, often worsens with age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Noise Sensitivity
Onset: Any age, worsens with age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Non-Exertional Hyperthermia
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
NSAID Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Nuclear Sclerosis
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Neurological & Cognitive
Old Dog Vestibular Disease
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Onion and Garlic Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Oral Masses
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Oral Melanoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Oral Papillomatosis
Onset: Typically under 2 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Orbital Cellulitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Organophosphate Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Oronasal Fistula
Onset: Typically after untreated dental disease
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Osteomyelitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Osteopenia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Otitis (Ear Infections)
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Ovarian Remnant Syndrome
Onset: After spay
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Palatal Defects (Cleft Palate)
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Panniculitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Pannus (Chronic Superficial Keratitis)
Onset: Typically 4-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Panosteitis
Onset: Typically 5-14 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Parvovirus
Onset: Typically puppies 6 weeks-6 months
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Patellar Luxation
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Onset: Congenital (birth)
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Pattern Alopecia
Onset: Typically 6 months-2 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Pemphigus
Onset: typically 4-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Pemphigus Foliaceus
Onset: Typically 4-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Penile Paraphimosis
Onset: Any age, intact males
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Cancer
Perianal Adenoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years, intact males
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Perianal Gland Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Pericardial Mesothelioma
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Pericarditis
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Periodontal Disease
Onset: By age 3 in 80% of dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Onset: Pregnancy/postpartum
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Onset: Typically 6-10 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Peripheral Nerve Tumor
Onset: Typically 7-10 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Neurological & Cognitive
Peripheral Neuropathy
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Digestive
Peritonitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Other
Permethrin Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Persistent Pupillary Membranes
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
Onset: Congenital (weaning age)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Pheochromocytoma
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Endocrine
Pheochromocytoma (Endocrine)
Onset: Typically 10+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Phthisis Bulbi
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Pica
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Pigmentary Keratitis
Onset: Typically 3+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Pituitary Dwarfism
Onset: Juvenile
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Cancer
Plasma Cell Tumor
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Pleural Effusion
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Pneumonia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Pneumothorax
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Polyarthritis
Onset: Typically 3-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Onset: Typically 3-10 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Polycythemia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome
Onset: Typically 3-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Porcupine Quills
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Portal Hypertension
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Post-Adrenalectomy Complications
Onset: After adrenal surgery
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Behavioral
Post-Traumatic Stress
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Premature Ventricular Contractions
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Primary Immunodeficiency
Onset: Juvenile
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Progressive Retinal Atrophy
Onset: Variable by breed
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Eye
Prolapsed Third Eyelid Gland
Onset: Typically under 2 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Onset: Typically 6+ years, intact males
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Protein-Losing Enteropathy
Onset: Typically 4-7 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Kidney & Urinary
Protein-Losing Nephropathy
Onset: Varies by breed; Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers may present between 2-6 years; other breeds typically 5-8 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Pulmonary Abscess
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Pulmonary Contusion
Onset: Any age (trauma)
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Pulmonary Edema
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Onset: Typically diagnosed in middle-aged to senior dogs (8+ years); West Highland White Terriers may develop signs earlier
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Pulmonary Hypertension
Onset: Can occur at any age depending on the underlying cause; most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to senior dogs
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Pulmonic Stenosis
Onset: Congenital (birth)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Pyelonephritis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Pyoderma
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Pyothorax
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Pythiosis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Rat Poison (Rodenticide) Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Rectal Polyps
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Rectal Prolapse
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Rectal Tumors
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Renal Amyloidosis
Onset: Typically 3-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Renal Dysplasia
Onset: Juvenile (under 2 years)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Renal Infarction
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Resource Guarding
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Retained Deciduous Teeth
Onset: Typically 4-6 months
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Retinal Detachment
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Rhinitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Right-Sided Heart Failure
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Root Canal Therapy
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Salivary Gland Disease
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Salt Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Skin & Allergies
Sarcoptic Mange (Scabies)
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
SARDS
Onset: Typically 7-10 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Schnauzer Comedo Syndrome
Onset: Typically 2+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Neurological & Cognitive
Sciatic Nerve Injury
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Neurological & Cognitive
Scotty Cramp
Onset: Typically under 1 year
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Seasonal Flank Alopecia
Onset: Typically young adults
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Endocrine
Seasonal Flank Alopecia (Endocrine)
Onset: Typically 2-5 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Sebaceous Cyst
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Second-Degree Heart Block
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Secondary Cushings Disease
Onset: Typically 6+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Secondary Hypothyroidism
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Secondary Immunodeficiency
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Separation Anxiety
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Septic Arthritis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
Seroma
Onset: Post-surgical
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Endocrine
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Onset: Typically 8+ years, intact or cryptorchid males
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Sesamoid Disease
Onset: Typically 3+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Endocrine
Sex Hormone Dermatosis
Onset: Typically 2-8 years
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Onset: Most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to senior dogs (7+ years); Miniature Schnauzers may present earlier
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Heart & Cardiovascular
Sinus Arrhythmia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Sinus Bradycardia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Skin Fold Dermatitis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Skin Tags
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Small Bowel Diarrhea
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Digestive
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Smoke Inhalation
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Snake Bite Envenomation
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Onset: Typically 8-12 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Solar Dermatitis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Spay Surgery Complications
Onset: At time of surgery
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Spina Bifida
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Spinal Cord Injury
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Splenic Masses
Onset: Typically 8-12 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Splenic Torsion
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Joint & Musculoskeletal
Spondylosis Deformans
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Sporotrichosis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Neurological & Cognitive
Status Epilepticus
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Stenotic Nares
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Stomatitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Behavioral
Storm Anxiety
Onset: Typically 2+ years, worsens with age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Stress Fracture
Onset: Any age, athletic dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Struvite Urolithiasis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Subaortic Stenosis
Onset: Congenital (birth)
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Sublingual Ranula
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Submersion Injury
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Supernumerary Teeth
Onset: Juvenile
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Joint & Musculoskeletal
Synovial Cell Sarcoma
Onset: Typically 6-10 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Syringomyelia
Onset: Typically 6 months-4 years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Systemic Hypertension
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Onset: Typically 2-6 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Onset: Most commonly diagnosed between 2-6 years of age; rare before 1 year
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Other
Tail Injury
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Joint & Musculoskeletal
Tendon Avulsion
Onset: Any age, active dogs
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Tendon Injuries
Onset: Any age, especially active dogs
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Onset: Typically 8+ years, intact males
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Immune
Tetanus
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Tetralogy of Fallot
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Eye
Third Eyelid Tumors
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Third-Degree Heart Block
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Thoracolumbar Disc Disease
Onset: Typically 3-7 years
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Thromboembolism
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Thymoma
Onset: Typically 8+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Cancer
Thyroid Adenoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Onset: typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Thyroid Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Endocrine
Thyroid Storm
Onset: Any age with thyroid disease
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Tick-Borne Diseases
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Toad Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Tooth Abscess
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Tooth Fracture
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Dental
Tooth Migration
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Dental
Tooth Resorption
Onset: Typically 5+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Dental
Tooth Root Abscess
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Total Hip Replacement
Onset: Typically 2+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Neurological & Cognitive
Toxic Neuropathy
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Digestive
Toxic Plant Ingestion
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Toxoplasmosis
Onset: Any age, immunocompromised
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Tracheal Hypoplasia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Respiratory
Tracheal Tear
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Transfusion Reactions
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 9-11 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Onset: Typically 7+ years
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Neurological & Cognitive
Trigeminal Neuritis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Endocrine
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Onset: Typically 7-9 years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Joint & Musculoskeletal
Ununited Anconeal Process
Onset: Typically 5-8 months
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Kidney & Urinary
Urate Urolithiasis
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Ureteral Ectopia
Onset: Congenital
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Kidney & Urinary
Ureteral Obstruction
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Cancer
Urethral Carcinoma
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Urethral Sphincter Incompetence
Onset: Typically after spay
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Kidney & Urinary
Urinary Obstruction
Onset: Any age, primarily males
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Urinary Tract Infection
Onset: Any age, females more common
Partly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Uterine Torsion
Onset: During pregnancy
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Eye
Uveitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Moderate Immune
Vaccine Reactions
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Other
Vaginal Prolapse
Onset: Typically during estrus
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis)
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Respiratory
Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis)
Onset: Can occur at any age; young, active dogs with high outdoor exposure in endemic regions are most frequently diagnosed
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Vascular Ring Anomaly
Onset: Congenital (weaning)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Immune
Vasculitis
Onset: Can occur at any age; some breed-associated forms appear in young adults while drug- or infection-triggered vasculitis can develop at any life stage
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Serious Heart & Cardiovascular
Vasculitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Vehicular Trauma
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Ventricular Fibrillation
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Heart & Cardiovascular
Ventricular Septal Defect
Onset: Congenital (birth)
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Heart & Cardiovascular
Ventricular Tachycardia
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Kidney & Urinary
Vesicourachal Diverticulum
Onset: Congenital or acquired
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Vitamin D Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Skin & Allergies
Vitiligo
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Respiratory
Vocal Fold Paralysis
Onset: Typically 9+ years
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Mild Heart & Cardiovascular
Wandering Atrial Pacemaker
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Xylitol Poisoning
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Yeast Dermatitis
Onset: Any age
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
Life-Threatening Other
Zinc Toxicity
Onset: Any age
Partly Preventable Limited Supplement Evidence
Moderate Skin & Allergies
Zinc-Responsive Dermatosis
Onset: Typically young adults
Not Directly Preventable Supplement Evidence
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